First treaty to protect the high seas comes into force

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A United Nations agreement for the “conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity” in the open oceans has now taken effect A treaty that will protect areas of the largely lawless high seas from fishing has come into force, marking a “turning point” for ocean conservation. International waters outside the exclusive economic zones that stretch 370 kilometres from countries’ coasts are sometimes known as a “wild west” where there are few limits on fishing. They have also been called the “last wilderness” because their huge depths represent 95 per cent of habitat occupied by life, most of it unexplored. In September 2025, a United Nations agreement for the “conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity” in the open oceans – which cover half of the Earth’s surface – was ratified by more than 60 countries. That started a 120-day countdown un
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